A Strophic Art Song Is Composed Similar to a Symphony

Vocal music composition, usually written for i voice with piano accompaniment

Bar five of Schubert's art song entitled Nacht und Träume. The vocal part, including the melody notes and the text, is in the tiptop stave. The two staves beneath are the piano part.

An art song is a Western song music composition, usually written for ane voice with piano accompaniment, and ordinarily in the classical fine art music tradition. By extension, the term "art song" is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs (e.g., the "art song repertoire").^[1] An fine art song is most often a musical setting of an independent poem or text,^[1] "intended for the concert repertory"^[ii] "as office of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion".^[three] While many pieces of vocal music are easily recognized as fine art songs, others are more difficult to categorize. For example, a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song^[ane] and sometimes not.^[4]

Other factors aid define fine art songs:

Songs that are office of a staged work (such as an aria from an opera or a song from a musical) are not unremarkably considered art songs.^[5] However, some Baroque arias that "announced with great frequency in recital operation"^[5] are now included in the art song repertoire.
Songs with instruments besides piano (e.g., cello and piano) and/or other singers are referred to equally "song chamber music", and are normally not considered art songs.^[6]
Songs originally written for voice and orchestra are called "orchestral songs" and are not unremarkably considered art songs, unless their original version was for solo voice and piano.^[vii]
Folk songs and traditional songs are generally not considered art songs, unless they are fine art music-style concert arrangements with pianoforte accessory written by a specific composer^[8] Several examples of these songs include Aaron Copland'south ii volumes of Onetime American Songs, the Folksong arrangements by Benjamin Britten,^[ix] and the Siete canciones populares españolas (Seven Spanish Folksongs) by Manuel de Falla.
There is no agreement regarding sacred songs. Many vocal settings of biblical or sacred texts were composed for the concert stage and non for religious services; these are widely known as art songs (for instance, the Vier ernste Gesänge by Johannes Brahms). Other sacred songs may or may not be considered fine art songs.^[10]
A group of art songs equanimous to exist performed in a group to form a narrative or dramatic whole is called a song wheel.

Languages and nationalities [edit]

Art songs take been composed in many languages, and are known past several names. The High german tradition of art vocal composition is perhaps the nearly prominent one; it is known equally Lieder. In France, the term mélodie distinguishes art songs from other French song pieces referred to as chansons. The Spanish canción and the Italian canzone refer to songs generally and not specifically to art songs.

Grade [edit]

The composer'due south musical language and interpretation of the text often dictate the formal design of an art vocal. If all of the verse form'southward verses are sung to the same music, the song is strophic. Arrangements of folk songs are often strophic,^[1] and "in that location are infrequent cases in which the musical repetition provides dramatic irony for the changing text, or where an almost hypnotic monotony is desired."^[1] Several of the songs in Schubert's Dice schöne Müllerin are adept examples of this. If the song melody remains the same merely the accessory changes under it for each verse, the piece is called a "modified strophic" song. In contrast, songs in which "each section of the text receives fresh music"^[1] are called through-composed. Well-nigh through-composed works have some repetition of musical material in them. Many art songs use some version of the ABA form (as well known as "song form" or "ternary form"), with a beginning musical department, a contrasting middle section, and a return to the first section's music. In some cases, in the return to the first section's music, the composer may make minor changes.

Operation and performers [edit]

Performance of art songs in recital requires special skills for both the vocalizer and pianist. The degree of intimacy "seldom equaled in other kinds of music"^[1] requires that the two performers "communicate to the audition the nearly subtle and evanescent emotions as expressed in the poem and music".^[1] The two performers must concur on all aspects of the operation to create a unified partnership, making art song performance one of the "almost sensitive blazon(s) of collaboration".^[i] As well, the pianist must exist able to closely match the mood and character expressed past the vocalist. Even though classical vocalists generally embark on successful performing careers every bit soloists past seeking out opera engagements, a number of today's most prominent singers take built their careers primarily past singing fine art songs, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Thomas Quasthoff, Ian Bostridge, Matthias Goerne, Wolfgang Holzmair, Susan Graham and Elly Ameling. Pianists, as well, have specialized in playing art songs with great singers. Gerald Moore, Geoffrey Parsons, Graham Johnson, Dalton Baldwin, Hartmut Höll and Martin Katz are six such pianists who have specialized in accompanying art vocal performances. The piano parts in fine art songs can be so circuitous that the piano role is not really a subordinate accessory office; the pianist in challenging art songs is more than of an equal partner with the solo vocalist. Equally such, some pianists who specialize in performing art song recitals with singers refer to themselves every bit "collaborative pianists", rather than equally accompanists.

Composers [edit]

British [edit]

John Dowland
Thomas Campion
William Byrd
Thomas Morley
Henry Purcell
Hubert Parry
Frederick Delius
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Roger Quilter
John Ireland
Ivor Gurney
Peter Warlock
Michael Head
Madeleine Dring
Gerald Finzi
Jonathan Dove
Benjamin Britten
Morfydd Llwyn Owen
Michael Tippett
Ian Venables
Judith Weir
George Butterworth
Francis George Scott
Rebecca Clarke

American [edit]

Austrian and German [edit]

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Ludwig van Beethoven
Franz Schubert
Felix Mendelssohn
Fanny Mendelssohn
Robert Schumann
Clara Schumann
Carl Loewe
Johannes Brahms
Hugo Wolf
Gustav Mahler
Richard Strauss
Alexander von Zemlinsky
Arnold Schoenberg
Anton Webern
Alban Berg
Erich Wolfgang Korngold
Viktor Ullmann
Hanns Eisler
Kurt Weill
Paul Hindemith
Wilhelm Killmayer
Josephine Lang
Emilie Mayer

French [edit]

Hector Berlioz
Charles Gounod
Pauline Viardot
César Franck
Camille Saint-Saëns
Georges Bizet
Emmanuel Chabrier
Henri Duparc
Jules Massenet
Gabriel Fauré
Claude Debussy
Erik Satie
Maurice Ravel
Lili Boulanger
Nadia Boulanger
Albert Roussel
Reynaldo Hahn
Darius Milhaud
Francis Poulenc
Olivier Messiaen
Henri Dutilleux
Cécile Chaminade

Romanian [edit]

George Enescu
Dinu Lipatti
Pascal Bentoiu
Irina Hasnaș

Spanish [edit]

Latin American [edit]

Italian [edit]

Claudio Monteverdi
Barbara Strozzi
Gioachino Rossini
Gaetano Donizetti
Vincenzo Bellini
Francesca Caccini
Giuseppe Verdi
Amilcare Ponchielli
Paolo Tosti
Ottorino Respighi
Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
Luciano Berio
Lorenzo Ferrero

Eastern European [edit]

Franz Liszt – Hungary (well-nigh all his art song settings are of texts in non-Hungarian European languages, such as French and German)
Antonín Dvořák – Bohemia
Leoš Janáček – Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Béla Bartók – Hungary
Zoltán Kodály – Hungary
Frédéric Chopin – Poland
Stanisław Moniuszko – Poland

Nordic [edit]

Edvard Grieg – Norway (gear up German also as Norse and Danish poesy)
Jean Sibelius – Finland (set both Finnish and Swedish)
Yrjö Kilpinen – Finland
Wilhelm Stenhammar – Sweden
Hugo Alfvén – Sweden
Carl Nielsen – Denmark

Russian [edit]

Mikhail Glinka
Alexander Borodin
César Cui
Nikolai Medtner
Modest Mussorgsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Alexander Glazunov
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Prokofiev
Igor Stravinsky
Dmitri Shostakovich

Ukrainian [edit]

Vasyl Barvinsky^[11]
Stanyslav Lyudkevych^[11]
Mykola Lysenko
Nestor Nyzhankivsky
Ostap Nyzhankivsky
Denys Sichynsky^[11]
Myroslav Skoryk
Ihor Sonevytsky
Yakiv Stepovy
Kyrylo Stetsenko

Asian [edit]

Nicanor Abelardo – Philippines
Ananda Sukarlan – Indonesia

Afrikaans [edit]

Jellmar Ponticha
Stephanus Le Roux Marais

Arabic [edit]

Iyad Kanaan – Lebanese republic

Run across too [edit]

Kundiman
Song
Song bicycle

Footnotes [edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Meister, An Introduction to the Art Song, pp. 11–17.
^ Art Vocal, Grove Online
^ Randel, Harvard Lexicon of Music, p. 61
^ Kimball, Introduction, p. xiii
^ ^a ^b Kimball, p. 14
^ Meister calls it "a variety of art song" (p. 13); Kimball does not include these works in her study of art songs.(p. fourteen)
^ Meister, p. xiv, and Kimball, p. xiv
^ Meister refers to them as a "hybrid medium", p. 14
^ Benjamin Britten, Complete Folksong Arrangements (61 Songs), edited by Richard Walters, Boosey & Hawkes #M051933747, ISBN 1423421566
^ Neither Meister nor Kimball mention sacred songs generally, but both discuss the Brahms songs and selected other works in their books on art vocal.
^ ^a ^b ^c Composers – Ukrainian Art Song Projection Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Automobile

References [edit]

Draayer, Suzanne (2009), Art Vocal Composers of Spain: An Encyclopedia, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-6362-0
Draayer, Suzanne (2003), A Singer's Guide to the Songs of Joaquín Rodrigo, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-4827-6
Kimball, Ballad (2005), Song: A Guide to Art Song Way and Literature, revised edition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard, ISBN978-1-4234-1280-nine
Meister, Barbara (1980), An Introduction to the Art Song, New York, New York: Taplinger, ISBN0-8008-8032-3
Randel, Don Michael (2003), The Harvard Dictionary of Music, Harvard University Printing, p. 61, ISBN0-674-01163-5 , retrieved 2012-10-22
Villamil, Victoria Etnier (1993), A Singer's Guide to the American Art Song (2004 paperback ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN0-8108-5217-ix

External links [edit]

Hampsong Foundation
Joy In Singing
The LiederNet Archive - texts to over 165,000 song works with over 35,000 translations
Fine art Song Central
The Art Song Project
The African American Fine art Song Brotherhood
Art Vocal Composers of Spain
Canadian Art Song Project
Latin American Art Song Alliance
Ukrainian Art Vocal Project
Ukrainian fine art songs. Audio files.
Hispasong.com Spanish vocal music, in English.
Art Song Colorado
Canciones de España—Songs of Nineteenth-Century Spain [ane]
lottelehmannleague.org/singing-sins-archive (archived Hawaii Public Radio broadcasts near arts songs)

hatfieldselven.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_song